1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION - an interaction in which words are used to relay a message
- it uses language (a systematic arrangement of letters, figures, symbols, and words)Characteristics of Language
- arbitrary
- ambiguous
- abstract
- Appropriateness
- Brevity
- Clarity
- Ethics
- Vividness
2. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION - an interaction where behavior is used to convey and represent meanings
Categories of Nonverbal Communication
- VISUAL - SIGHT
- AUDITORY – SOUND
- TACTILE – TOUCH
- OLFACTORY – SMELL
- GUSTATORY – TASTE
OTHER FORMS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
- PARALINGUISTICS - study of vocal signals beyond basic verbal speech; pitch / tone, fluency, volume, accent, speech rate
- PROXEMICS - the use of human space in communication
- HAPTICS - communication through sense of touch
- CHRONEMICS - study of the role of time in communication
- KINESICS - communication through body language
CATEGORIES OF GESTURE (Seiler, 1988)
- EMBLEMS - are non-verbal signals with a verbal equivalent.
- ILLUSTRATORS - create a visual image and support the spoken message. They tend to be subconscious movements
- REGULATORS - body movements that control, adjust, and sustain the flow of a conversation
- (may refer to feedback)
- AFFECT DISPLAYS - tend to be movements, usually facial gestures, displaying specific emotions.
- ADAPTORS - include changes in posture and other movements made with little awareness.
Factors to consider in nonverbal communication
- Eye Contact
- Facial Expressions
- Space
- Posture
- Tones and Sounds
3. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION - printed messages which may be constructed in a long period of time and often asynchronous
4. VISUAL COMMUNICATION - transmission of ideas or information using symbols and imagery
5. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION - transmission of ideas or information encoded digitally as discrete signals and electronically transferred to recipients
Oral Communication in Context (Sipacio & Balgos, 2016)
https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/5?e=carpenter-ch12_s03
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-visual-communication-definition-history-theory-examples.html
https://www.slideshare.net/lineking/digital-communication-system
https://www.thoughtco.com/paralinguistics-paralanguage-term-1691568
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