Broadcast Journalism is a subdivision of Journalism, an Elective Course offered to ABM, HUMSS, and STEM strands in the Senior High School. This elective course introduces a groundwork of radio and television broadcasting focusing on the fundamentals of news production and presentation, infomercial, journalism ethics, and technical application.
Course Objectives:
After accomplishing the requirements of the course, the students will be able to:
- develop understanding of the basic concepts of broadcast journalism;
- participate in either radio or television production teams; and
- produce a radio or television news program.
History of Radio Broadcast
United States:
experimental station by Reginald Aubrey Fessenden at Brant Rock, Massachusetts, on Christmas Eve, 1906
Philippines:
establishment of KZKZ (AM) in Manila, Philippines by Henry Herman in Manila in 1924
National Telecommunications Commission assigns the following call sign prefixes from the international series to Philippine broadcasting stations depending on the location of their license:
- DZ & DW for Luzon, except DZ for Palawan
- DY for the Visayas, including Palawan and Masbate
- DX for Mindanao
What is a CALL SIGN?
Unique designation (prefixes) for a transmitter station for TV and radio allocated by International Telecommunication Union
Unique designation (prefixes) for a transmitter station for TV and radio allocated by International Telecommunication Union
- Radio stations back then were not regulated until the year 1931. The Radio Control Board was instigated under the US colonial government. The regulating agency took care of the license applications and frequency allocation.
- KBP came only in April 7, 1973.
- Amplitude - the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.
- Frequency - the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.
What is the heart of every radio news program?
Answer: NEWS
What makes a story newsworthy?
- PROXIMITY
- PROMINENCE
- IMMEDIACY
- ODDITY
- HUMAN INTEREST
- EMOTIONS
- CONSEQUENCE
- CONFLICT
WRITING THE LEAD
- The Five W’s and H
- Conflict
- Specificity
- Brevity
- Active sentences
TYPES OF LEAD
- Straight Lead /Summary/Digest
- Also called the “summary” lead, this is by far the most common and traditional version; it should be used in most cases. It is a brief summary, containing most of the Five W’s and H in one sentence.
- Bullet Lead / Punch / Cartridge / Capsule - blunt, explosive, short statement to summarize an article ; short sentence or phrase is used in a straightforward manner; sued in an important news
- Anecdotal Lead - uses a quick, relevant story to draw in the reader. The anecdote must help enhance the article’s broader point, and you must explain the connection to that point in the first few sentences following the lead.
- Staccato Lead - short, clipped words, phrases and sentences , sometimes separated with dashes and dots; creates a certain mood in the news story; descriptive
- Question Lead - used when story has direct impact or relevance to the public
- Zinger Lead - dramatic and attention-grabbing. Although it has a strong tone, it requires a hard set of facts to back it up.
- Statement/Direct Quotation Lead - used when direct quotation is striking, remarkable and important
- Contrast Lead - compares extremes: big – little, comedy – tragedy, old age –youth, past – present, love – hatred
How to Write Broadcast News Copy
- Keep It Short and Simple (KISS)
- Keep It Conversational
- Use One Main Idea Per Sentence
- Use the Active Voice
- Leave Out Unnecessary Details
Read the examples here: https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-write-broadcast-news-copy-2074314
When writing your lead, leave out:
- The ordinary
- A name if it is unfamiliar
- An age if it is not interesting
- Addresses
AVOID:
- A Jammed lead where you try to get too much information into the first sentence
- A Cliché lead using worn out expressions
- A Question lead where you ask the audience to think - the audience doesn´t want to think, they want to be told
- A Quote lead where you lead with someone else´s words
- A time - remember the news gets recycled
- A number - people will forget the number or not be paying attention by the time they know what that number meant
Sources:
https://radio.xtreamlab.net/faqa.html
http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-amplitude.htm
https://www.britannica.com/technology/broadcasting
https://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/difference-between-am-and-fm-modulation
https://www.radioconnection.com/glossary/e/
https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-write-broadcast-news-copy-2074314
http://www.newscript.com/leads.html
http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring09/selepak_a/lead.html
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/735/05/
https://online.pointpark.edu/public-relations-and-advertising/how-to-write-a-lead/
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